Risk analysis methodology using STPA-based Bayesian network- applied to remote pilotage operation

The maritime industry is currently ongoing into a digital transformation to develop cleaner, safer and smarter transport services. Establishing such services requires identifying assessing new emerging risks as software design flaws. Thus, suitable hazard identification risk analysis methods must be developed implemented for these complex This study aims novel methodology by integrating Systems Theoretic Process Analysis, Bayesian Network, Noisy-OR gates, Parent divorcing technique Sub-modelling. effectiveness of the proposed demonstrated through case Remote pilotage operation. results show that can applied operations assess propagation from single fault or failure in system hazards, accidents incidents, ultimately losses. Furthermore, it how remote model support pilots companies real-time decision-making estimating likelihood losses failure.